Phát triển nguồn nhân lực và kết quả kinh doanh của doanh nghiệp nhỏ và vừa tại Việt Nam: Vai trò trung gian của các năng lực tổ chức và điều tiết của lãnh đạo chuyển đổi.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24311/jabes/2026.37.6.5Keywords:
Kết quả kinh doanh, Lãnh đạo chuyển đổi, Ứng dụng công nghệ thông tin, Chiến lược kinh doanh, Tổ chức nhân sựAbstract
This study investigates how human resource development translates into business performance in Vietnamese SMEs. Prior research generally assumes that organizational capabilities function as equivalent pathways through which human resource development creates value. The authors challenge this assumption by comparing the mediating effects of human resource organization capability, business strategy orientation, and information technology capability and by conceptualizing this relationship as a multi-mechanism structure. Using data from 347 managers and PLS-SEM analysis, The authors find that human resource development has a positive effect on business performance mainly through indirect mechanisms. Information technology capability is the most powerful transmission channel compared with human resource organization capability and business strategy orientation. Transformational leadership amplifies these effects unevenly across capabilities, with stronger effects on social and cognitive capabilities. The findings reveal that human resource development value conversion is capability-specific and leadership-contingent.
References
Ahn, J., & Hong, A. J. (2019). Transforming I into we in organizational knowledge creation: A case study. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 30(4), 565-582. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.21371
Amit, R., & Schoemaker, P. J. H. (1993). Strategic assets and organizational rent. Strategic Management Journal, 14(1), 33-46. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250140105
Armstrong, J. S., & Overton, T. S. (1977). Estimating nonresponse bias in mail surveys. Journal of Marketing Research, 14(3), 396-402. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224377701400320
Audretsch, D. B., & Keilbach, M. (2004). Entrepreneurship capital and economic performance. Regional Studies, 38(8), 949-959. https://doi.org/10.1080/0034340042000280956
Barney, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99-120. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108
Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and Performance Beyond Expectations. New York: Free Press.
Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1996). Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. Mind Garden.
Bass, B. M., & Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational Leadership (2nd ed.). New York: Psychology Press.
Becker, J. M., Klein, K., & Wetzels, M. (2012). Hierarchical latent variable models in PLS-SEM: Guidelines for using reflective-formative type models. Long Range Planning, 45(5-6), 359-394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2012.10.001
Bharadwaj, A. S. (2000). A resource-based perspective on information technology capability and firm performance. MIS Quarterly, 24(1), 169-196. https://doi.org/10.2307/3250983
Bowen, D. E., & Ostroff, C. (2004). Understanding HRM–firm performance linkages: The role of the “strength” of the HRM system. Academy of Management Review, 29(2), 203-221. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2004.12736076
Brislin, R. W. (1979). Handbook of Cross-Cultural Psychology (Vol. 5). Allyn & Bacon.
Bùi Quang Hùng, Trịnh Thùy Anh, & Nguyễn Ngọc Thông. (2023). Lãnh đạo chuyển đổi, năng lực đổi mới và hiệu quả hoạt động của doanh nghiệp. Tạp chí Nghiên cứu Kinh tế và Kinh doanh Châu Á, 34(1), 103-118. https://doi.org/10.24311/jabes/2023.34.1.6
Chaithanapat, P., Punnakitikashem, P., Khin Khin Oo, N. C., & Rakthin, S. (2022). Relationships among knowledge-oriented leadership, customer knowledge management, innovation quality and firm performance in SMEs. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 7(1), 100162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2022.100162
Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling. In G. A. Marcoulides (Ed.), Modern Methods for Business Research (pp. 295-336). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Dess, G. G., & Davis, P. S. (1984). Porter's (1980) generic strategies as determinants of strategic group membership and organizational performance. Academy of Management Journal, 27(3), 467-488. https://doi.org/10.2307/256040
Dess, G. G., & Robinson, R. B. (1984). Measuring organizational performance in the absence of objective measures: The case of the privately-held firm and conglomerate business unit. Strategic Management Journal, 5(3), 265-273. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250050306
DeVellis, R. F. (2016). Scale Development: Theory and Applications (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Đỗ Vũ Phương Anh, & Bùi Quang Tuyến. (2021). Đào tạo nguồn nhân lực và hoạt động cải tiến của các doanh nghiệp tư nhân nhỏ và vừa tại Việt Nam. Tạp chí Kinh tế và Phát triển, 290, 75-82. https://js.ktpt.edu.vn/index.php/jed/article/view/60
Felin, T., Foss, N. J., Heimeriks, K. H., & Madsen, T. L. (2012). Microfoundations of routines and capabilities: Individuals, processes, and structure. Journal of Management Studies, 49(8), 1351-1374. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2012.01052.x
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312
Garavan, T. N., McCarthy, A., Lai, Y., Clarke, N., Carbery, R., Gubbins, C… & Saunders, M. N. K. (2021). Putting the system back into training and firm performance research: A review and research agenda. Human Resource Management Journal, 31(4), 870-903. https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12337
García-Morales, V. J., Jiménez-Barrionuevo, M. M., & Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez, L. (2012). Transformational leadership influence on organizational performance through organizational learning and innovation. Journal of Business Research, 65(7), 1040-1050. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.03.005
Grant, R. M. (1996). Toward a knowledge-based theory of the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 17(S2), 109–122. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250171110
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2022). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) (3rd ed.). Sage Publications.
Hambrick, D. C., & Mason, P. A. (1984). Upper echelons: The organization as a reflection of its top managers. Academy of Management Review, 9(2), 193-206. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1984.4277628
Helfat, C. E., Finkelstein, S., Mitchell, W., Peteraf, M. A., Singh, H., Teece, D. J., & Winter, S. G. (2007). Dynamic Capabilities: Understanding Strategic Change in Organizations. Blackwell.
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115-135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
Jiang, K., Lepak, D. P., Hu, J., & Baer, J. (2012). How does human resource management influence organizational outcomes? A meta-analytic investigation. Academy of Management Journal, 55(6), 1264-1294. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2011.0088
Kock, N. (2015). Common method bias in PLS-SEM: A full collinearity assessment approach. International Journal of e-Collaboration, 11(4), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijec.2015100101
Kock, N., & Lynn, G. S. (2012). Lateral collinearity and misleading results in variance-based SEM: An illustration and recommendations. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 13(7), 546-580. https://doi.org/10.17705/1jais.00302
Kumar, N., Stern, L. W., & Anderson, J. C. (1993). Conducting interorganizational research using key informants. Academy of Management Journal, 36(6), 1633-1651. https://doi.org/10.2307/256824
Lepak, D. P., Liao, H., Chung, Y., & Harden, E. E. (2006). A conceptual review of human resource management systems in strategic human resource management research. In J. J. Martocchio (Ed.), Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management (Vol. 25, pp. 217-271). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0742-7301(06)25006-0
Marler, J. H., & Parry, E. (2016). Human resource management, strategic involvement and e-HRM technology. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 27(19), 2233-2253. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2015.1091980
Miller, D. (1983). The correlates of entrepreneurship in three types of firms. Management Science, 29(7), 770-791. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.29.7.770
Ngô Bá Thành, Phạm Thế Anh, & Nguyễn Thị Hồng Đào. (2025). Phát triển nguồn nhân lực đa cấp độ và vai trò trung gian của chiến lược kinh doanh đối với kết quả kinh doanh phi tài chính: Bằng chứng thực nghiệm từ các doanh nghiệp Việt Nam. Tạp chí Nghiên cứu Kinh tế và Kinh doanh Châu Á, 36(11), 23-38. https://doi.org/10.24311/jabes/2025.36.11.02
Nguyễn Duy Thanh, Hoàng Văn Nam, & Đào Thị Thanh Lam. (2023). Tác động của quá trình quản trị tri thức tới kết quả hoạt động của các doanh nghiệp Việt Nam. Tạp chí Nghiên cứu Kinh tế và Kinh doanh Châu Á, 34(2), 126-140. https://doi.org/10.24311/jabes/2023.34.2.3
Nguyễn Thị Phương Dung, Nguyễn Hiếu Khuông, Nguyễn Phú Sơn, Nguyễn Trọng Tính, Võ Văn Đặng, & Nguyễn Trúc Huỳnh. (2024). Tác động của chuyển đổi số đến hiệu quả hoạt động kinh doanh của doanh nghiệp nhỏ và vừa tại Việt Nam. Tạp chí Nghiên cứu Kinh tế và Kinh doanh Châu Á, 35(5), 71-85. https://doi.org/10.24311/jabes/2024.35.5.7
Otoo, F. N. K., Adjei Junior, P. N., Agyeman, G. A., & Bekoe, R. (2026). Examining the relationship between human resource management practices and employee creativity: The mediating role of organizational learning capability. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 17(2), 195-240. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJEMS-08-2024-0434
Park, Y., & Joo, B.-K. (2022). Determinants of knowledge sharing: The roles of learning organization culture, empowering leadership, and learning goal orientation. International Journal of Applied Management and Technology, 21(1), 47-60. https://doi.org/10.5590/IJMAT.2022.21.1.04
Pavlou, P. A., & El Sawy, O. A. (2011). Understanding the elusive black box of dynamic capabilities. Decision Sciences, 42(1), 239-273. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.2010.00287.x
Ployhart, R. E., & Moliterno, T. P. (2011). Emergence of the human capital resource: A multilevel model. Academy of Management Review, 36(1), 127-150. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2009.0318
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879-903. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879
Priem, R. L., & Butler, J. E. (2001). Is the resource-based “view” a useful perspective for strategic management research? Academy of Management Review, 26(1), 22-40. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2001.4011928
Ravichandran, T. (2018). Exploring the relationships between IT competence, innovation capacity, and organizational agility. Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 27(1), 22-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsis.2017.07.002
Sirmon, D. G., Hitt, M. A., & Ireland, R. D. (2007). Managing firm resources in dynamic environments to create value: Looking inside the black box. Academy of Management Review, 32(1), 273-292. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2007.23466005
Subramony, M. (2009). A meta‐analytic investigation of the relationship between HRM bundles and firm performance. Human Resource Management, 48(5), 745-768. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.20315
Sung, S. Y., & Choi, J. N. (2014). Do organizations spend wisely on employees? Effects of training and development investments on learning and innovation in organizations. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35(3), 393-412. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1897
Swanson, R. A., & Holton, E. F. (2001). Foundations of Human Resource Development. Berrett-Koehler.
Teece, D. J., Pisano, G., & Shuen, A. (1997). Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Strategic Management Journal, 18(7), 509-533. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199708)18:7<509::AID-SMJ882>3.0.CO;2-Z
Venkatraman, N. (1989). Strategic orientation of business enterprises: The construct, dimensionality, and measurement. Management Science, 35(8), 942-962. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.35.8.942
Venkatraman, N., & Ramanujam, V. (1986). Measurement of business performance in strategy research. Academy of Management Review, 11(4), 801-814. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1986.4283976
Vu, P. M., Binh, T., & Duong, L. N. K. (2023). How social capital affects innovation, marketing and entrepreneurial orientation: The case of SMEs in Ho Chi Minh (Vietnam). Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 12(81). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-023-00350-8
Wade, M., & Hulland, J. (2004). The resource-based view and information systems research: Review, extension, and suggestions for future research. MIS Quarterly, 28(1), 107-142. https://doi.org/10.2307/25148626
Wang, G., Oh, I. S., Courtright, S. H., & Colbert, A. E. (2011). Transformational leadership and performance across criteria and levels: A meta-analytic review. Group & Organization Management, 36(2), 223-270. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601111401017
Wright, P. M., & McMahan, G. C. (1992). Theoretical perspectives for strategic human resource management. Journal of Management, 18(2), 295-320. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639201800205
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 JOURNAL OF ASIAN BUSINESS AND ECONOMIC STUDIES
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
