Lựa chọn ngành học tác động thế nào đến tiền lương của sinh viên sau khi ra trường? Bằng chứng từ Việt Nam
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24311/jabes/2022.33.4.03Từ khóa:
Tiền lương, Mô hình lựa chọn HeckmanTóm tắt
Bài báo xem xét việc lựa chọn ngành học đại học có tác động thế nào đến tiền lương của sinh viên sau khi ra trường. Từ dữ liệu “Điều tra Lao động năm 2019”, tác giả quan tâm đến đối tượng sinh viên đã tốt nghiệp có độ tuổi từ 21 đến 33. Nghiên cứu áp dụng mô hình Heckman, trong đó, tỷ số Mills nghịch đảo được thêm vào mô hình để giải quyết sự sai lệch do chọn mẫu, gây ra bởi tình trạng mức lương không quan sát được cho những người không có việc làm. Mô hình Heckman ước lượng hàm tiền lương, đồng thời giải thích quyết định lựa chọn tham gia thị trường lao động. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy bằng cấp đại học tác động tích cực đến quyết định tham gia thị trường lao động của thanh niên. Phương trình tiền lương cho thấy sinh viên tốt nghiệp chuyên ngành về Sinh học, Nông nghiệp, Luật, và Giáo dục có mức lương sau khi ra trường thấp hơn nhóm Kỹ sư & Công nghệ lần lượt ở mức 8,1%, 12,4%, 12,1% và 6,2%. Mặt khác, những sinh viên tốt nghiệp trong lĩnh vực Quốc phòng & An ninhcũng như Nghệ thuật & Thiết kế sáng tạo thu được mức lương cao hơn so với nhóm Kỹ sư & Công nghệ ở mức 16,5% và 7,0%.
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